How does the cell use both dna and rna to direct protein synthesis. mRNA is relatively unstable and short-lived in the cell, .

How does the cell use both dna and rna to direct protein synthesis In bacterial cell, the protein synthesis takes place on 70s ribosomes. Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins through the assembly of amino acids in a cell. Protein synthesis is a fundamental process in living organisms, essential for cell growth, development, and its functioning. An mRNA Another type of nucleic acid is responsible. 2 of 2. Promoters are specific sequences of nucleotides that are present in many locations in the DNA molecule. The stages of protein synthesis are mentioned below: Transcription. With the process of protein synthesis biological cells generate new proteins, which on the other hand is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export. When a cell receives a signal saying that a certain protein is needed, the DNA double helix unwinds. Look at the SIMULATION pane. 2). It occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. RNA is composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil (U). Various sequence changes are listed below the lac operator base pairs. 5 billion years ago, yet it is arguably the least appreciated of all biological macromolecules. The promoter region is within the approximately 50 nucleotides that are before, or upstream of, the transcription start site. This intermediate messenger is messenger RNA (mRNA) , a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries a copy of the genetic code for a single gene out of the nucleus and into the Exploring the Role of RNA in Protein Synthesis: Types and FunctionsProtein synthesis is a fundamental biological process that is essential for the growth, development, and survival of all living organisms. Utilizing components from viral and non-viral delivery platforms, we developed a lipid-based delivery vehicle formulated with a The smallest of the three types of RNA is tRNA, which has only 75 to 95 nucleotides and has a role in bringing particular amino acids to the growing polypeptide. The structures of DNA and RNA are both essential for their functions in genetic storage and protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is thus the final stage of gene expression. Each codon (a sequence of three nucleotides) in mRNA corresponds In summary, DNA provides the genetic information, RNA (mRNA) carries this information to the ribosomes, and tRNA helps in bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome for protein This explains how the genetic information in the form of DNA in a cell is converted to RNA and then to protein for effective utilization. Because many identical RNA copies can be made from the same gene, and each RNA molecule can direct the synthesis of many identical protein molecules, cells can synthesize a large amount of protein rapidly when necessary. Like DNA, RNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone. DNA is composed of the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). In the RNA and Protein Synthesis Transcription and translation are the means by which cells read out, or express, the genetic instructions in their genes. DNA and RNA also differ in the nitrogenous bases they contain. Recently, mutations in several genes A strand of DNA is composed of thousands of repeating pairs of nucleotides, each of which consists of a five-carbon pentose sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. The nitrogen bases are classified as single-ring pyrimidines (most commonly, cytosine C and thymine T) and double-ring purines (most commonly, adenine A and guanine G). [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. Transcription is the first half of the Central Dogma. binding due to direct Both RNA and DNA contain a 5-carbon sugar, but the sugar differs: it is deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA (DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA stands for ribonucleic acid). DNA is housed within the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, thus there must be some sort of intermediate messenger that leaves the nucleus and manages protein synthesis. During protein synthesis, mRNA transports genetic codes from the nucleus to the ribosomes, both of which are protein translation sites in the cytoplasm. . It carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and then helps assemble the protein. RNA is a small molecule that can squeeze through pores in the nuclear membrane. In the RNA and Protein Synthesis Gizmo, you will use both DNA and RNA to construct a protein out of amino acids. During the infection of a host cell, a virus first attaches to its surface, penetrates the DNA is housed within the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, thus there must be some sort of intermediate messenger that leaves the nucleus and manages protein synthesis. Cell-free synthesis provides modular control of protein expression. RNA polymerase then uses one Cells use both DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis through two main processes: transcription and translation. Construct an Explanation How does the cell use both DNA and Similarities Between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication. Hence, viral protein synthesis is carried out on host cell ribosomes. Both protein synthesis and DNA replication occur inside the cell. Multiple such domains often occur in a single RBP and these modular arrangements can coordinate and enhance binding to RNA (Cléry and Allain, The mechanism by which cells turn the DNA code into a protein product is a two-step process, with an RNA molecule as the intermediate. RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence and DNA, RNA, and Protein 2 SUMMARY The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to assemblies of proteins that both bind DNA and initiate RNA polymerase activity. mRNA is relatively unstable and short-lived in the cell, This chapter will focus on the synthesis of RNA by DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Enzymes (RNAPs). In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of water), and proteins perform virtually every function of a cell. RNA and Protein Synthesis Directions: Use the Gizmo to answer the questions. RNA plays a vital role in gene expression, as it Figure: Quinolone antibiotics interfere with changes in DNA supercoiling by binding to topoisomerase II or topoisomerase IV. The decoding of information in a cell's DNA into proteins begins with a complex interaction of nucleic acids. The ribose sugar makes the RNA more flexible but it also makes it less durable. Several diseases are caused by errors in RNA synthesis, processing or transport [1], including neurological disorders such as the trinucleotide expansion diseases myotonic dystrophy and fragile X syndrome. In short: DNA → RNA → Protein Click here to get an answer to your question: Construct an Explanation How does the cell use both DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis? Chat AI; Chat PDF; Book Summary; Log In. Both RNA and The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. coli, this complex involves the small 30S ribosome, the mRNA template, three initiation factors (IFs; IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3), and a special initiator tRNA, called fMet-tRNA. size, and percentage of the total cell RNA (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Proteins are one of the vital biomolecules of life. Recent advances in the field have illuminated our comprehension of both nuclear import and export as powerful means of gene regulation. Protein synthesis begins with the formation of a pre-initiation complex. Answer the questions in the yellow boxes. Genes are sequences of DNA nucleotides that carry and transmit the information specifying amino acid sequences for protein synthesis. RNA is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Each mRNA molecule encodes information for one protein. Protein synthesis Protein Synthesis Steps. 3 – Splicing DNA: In the nucleus, a structure called a spliceosome cuts out introns (noncoding regions) within a pre-mRNA transcript and reconnects the exons. This nucleic acid is RNA or ribonucleic acid. While both are nucleic acids, their structures differ significantly. mRNA is coding RNA in that it carries genetic information from DNA for use in protein synthesis. Transcription: The partial uncoiling of two DNA strands occurs. Within the process are involved both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and different in their function ribonucleic acids (RNA). However, the translation of mRNA is only the first RNA-binding domains in protein are the functional units responsible for binding RNA. B. which ultimately determines its function within the cell. This intermediate The mRNA then interacts with ribosomes and other cellular machinery to direct the synthesis of the protein it encodes during the process of translation. This transcription is facilitated by enzymes known as RNA polymerases, which operate within the However, the general structures and functions of the protein synthesis machinery are comparable from bacteria to archaea to human cells. We will learn about protein synthesis regulation in a later chapter. The DNA is made up of a 2'-deoxyribose (5-Carbon Sugar), a phosphate group, and the Nitrogenous base. 2010. ; protein: any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced Using a gene to make a protein is called gene expression. Transcription is the first of overall two protein synthesis steps. Transcription is simple to understand as a means of information transfer: since DNA and RNA are chemically and structurally similar, the DNA can act as a c. Some virions have an additional external envelope made of protein or phospholipids from the host cell. Unwinding it every now and then to facilitate protein translation would consume too much energy. Once an mRNA has been produced, by transcription and processing the information present in its nucleotide sequence is used to synthesize a protein. How does the cell use both DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis? genetics. Part 1: Gizmo Warm up Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. Types include mRNA, rRNA, Viruses in general make maximal use of mechanisms already in place in the infected cell to perform their functions. Protein Synthesis. For example, enzymes, including those that metabolize nutrients One of the primary functions of RNA is to contribute to the translation of DNA into protein. Transcription and RNA processing are followed by translation, the synthesis of proteins as directed by mRNA templates. During The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life. In addition, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of genes. Is the displayed segment a part of a DNA or RNA Nucleic acid Synthesis/Breakdown: RNA Synthesis/Function: Messenger RNA (mRNA): The Link between DNA and Protein 343 Author's personal copy These elements are binding sites for proteins and these pro- Key Terms. In eukaryotes, the DNA molecules never leave the nucleus but instead use an intermediary to communicate with the rest of the cell. In addition to DNA coding for RNA, much of the DNA regulates the synthesis of RNA- which ultimately means that it regulates the synthesis of protein. Proteins serve important functions in the cell, like creating structures, signaling cascades, allowing for movement and catalyzing chemical reactions. As our appreciation of Figure 3. It may also include further processing of the protein after synthesis. RNA synthesis (transcription) begins by uncoiling a section of DNA that will be used as the template. Firstly, DNA is packed very tightly. Synthesis of viral membrane proteins occurs on membrane-bound ribosomes, from which they are inserted, always in the correct orientation, into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Proteins are the active players in most cell processes, implementing the myriad tasks that are directed by the information encoded in genomic DNA. Gene expression is regulated to ensure that the correct proteins are made when and where they are needed. Transcription start in the cell nucleus, where DNA serves as the template for the synthesis of The ribosome generates a polypeptide chain of amino acids using mRNA as a template. DNA and RNA both direct protein synthesis. RNA and DNA both carry out protein synthesis. The other type of nucleic acid, RNA, is mostly involved in protein synthesis. The ribose portion of each NTP has an –OH group on both the 2′ and the 3′ carbon atoms. The releasing factors in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes instruct peptidyl transferase to add a water molecule to the carboxyl end of the P-site amino acid. The process of protein synthesis in E. The lac operator sequence is shown at the top. Both protein synthesis and DNA replication are required for the growth, development, and functioning of organisms. DNA contains A, T, C, and G. In prokaryotes, DNA is not enclosed in a membrane. This chapter provides an overview of the viral replication cycle, focusing on DNA and RNA viruses. Kohanski et al. The polypeptide chain folds into a functional protein. Genes (the chemicals of heredity) are composed of DNA. 1. Cells that produce large amounts of protein have cytoplasmic dye- and radiation-absorbing The arrows represent steps where DNA or RNA is being used as a template to direct the synthesis of another polymer, either RNA or protein. RNA is a nucleic acid found mostly in the cell's cytoplasm. In addition to being energy inefficient, there is also a high risk of loss of genetic material. Protein synthesis consists of two main processes: transcription and translation. ; This replication of DNA must be exact, or a mutation of an incorrect sequence Protein databank (PDB) format files for structures of RNA-interacting proteins were downloaded from RCSB (Berman et al. Unlike other organisms, the viral genome can be either DNA or RNA. DNA consists of two long polynucleotide strands twisted into a double helix shape An mRNA Sequence Is Decoded in Sets of Three Nucleotides. Gizmo Warm-up Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. RNA contains A, C, and G, but no thymine. This Structure of DNA and RNA. In the polymerization reaction, a 3′-OH group of one nucleotide reacts with the 5′-triphosphate of a second nucleotide; a pyrophosphate is removed and a phosphodiester RNA is recognized as the prime candidate for the primordial molecule that underpinned the emergence of life over 3. Cells access the information stored in DNA by creating RNA to direct the synthesis of proteins through the process of translation. The process of pre-tRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase III only creates the RNA portion of the adaptor molecule. There are three steps in transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (these are also the same steps as in translation; however, different things happen in the steps of the Genetic Code. Transcription: During this phase, a specific segment of DNA, referred to as a gene, serves as a template for the synthesis of a molecule called messenger RNA (). RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): Mainly involved in protein synthesis, acts as an intermediary between DNA and the cell. This is where DNA is translated into RNA. d. The genome refers collectively to the total genetic information coded in a cell. Translation requires the input of an mRNA template, ribosomes, tRNAs, and Nucleic Acids Types of Nucleic Acids. coli involves the following steps: 1. The polypeptide chain folds up to become a protein. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The Genetic Code DNA holds all of the genetic information The presence of the nuclear envelope necessitates the movement of proteins and RNAs between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. DNA direct protein synthesis by thickening and then unzipping and then being copied onto messenger RNA and then being put onto ribosomes and then being paired with the pairing nucleotide and then being used to create amino acid and then these are transported outside of the cell. Whenever new cells are made in either meiosis or mitosis, then new genes made of DNA are produced for the new cells. In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is completely Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins? A. Protein is composed of DNA that is organized into specific gene sequences called amino acids. Both DNA strands are shown in spacefill with the backbone Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis is the process that cells use to make protein. The dyad axis is shown by the arrowhead. 4. The initiator tRNA basepairs to the start codon AUG (or rarely, GUG) and is covalently linked to a Ribosomes. But each gene can also be Transcription: DNA → RNA. To a lesser extent DNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed, although this may be secondary to the inhibition of RNA synthesis. However there are exceptions to this, firstly some viruses have RNA genomes and in some cases these are reverse transcribed into DNA before the genes can be expressed. These alterations in nucleic acid synthesis are reversible, usually recovering in one to two days after hyperthermia is In eukaryotic cells, tRNA are encoded within both the nuclear and 5% of the RNA in a cell , yet is by far the most heterogeneous type of RNA in size and base sequence. It involves the decoding of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) and then the translation of mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes. These changes include histone that might be present in eukaryotes contain their own genomes The main difference between protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes contain polycistronic mRNA, whereas eukaryotes contain monocistronic RNA. Since its discovery, the understanding of the properties and roles of RNA has undergone intermittent and periodically profound The process of protein synthesis can be broadly categorized into two phases: transcription and translation. RNA concentration correlates with protein production. A number located directly below each modification is the DNA is housed within the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, thus there must be some sort of intermediate messenger that leaves the nucleus and manages protein synthesis. RNA synthesis, processing, function and degradation are pivotal to every living cell, and are regulated at many different levels. These compounds perform a variety of Function of Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis is important because it allows for new proteins to be made. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 2) In which part of the molecule does tRNA pair with mRNA? A) rRNA B) codon C) anticodon D) gene, 4) Segments of DNA that increase the rate of transcription of certain genes are known as ________. Protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Protein synthesis takes place within the nucleus and ribosomes of a cell and is regulated by DNA and RNA. It includes the synthesis of the protein by the processes of transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA. C. Protein Synthesis is basically: DNA Encodes RNA → RNA Encodes Protein, → Amino RNA synthesis is quickly and significantly depressed when cells (both malignant and normal) are subjected to hyperthermia. DNA: a biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; messenger RNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical “blueprint” for a protein product. Upon aligning with the A site, these nonsense codons are recognized by protein release factors that resemble tRNAs. This is facilitated by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids and recognize the complementary codon on the mRNA. DNA contains the genetic information of a species. A) enhancers B) polymerases C) short tandem repeats D) introns, 6) This technique has thousands of DNA Abstract. To RNA resembles DNA in appearance and composition, except it contains ribose rather than deoxyribose sugars that make up DNA. RNA polymerase binds tightly to the promoter and opens the double helix, revealing a small region of single-stranded DNA DNA Replication. Elaborate cellular machinery exists to promote the nuclear transport of macromolecules. This leads to the formation of double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death in either a protein synthesis-dependent or protein synthesis-independent manner. We differ three types of this molecule: Messenger RNA; Ribosomal RNA; Transfer RNA; During transcription, an enzyme known as RNA polymerase binds to promoters of the DNA. Each DNA molecule contains many genes. However, RNA uses the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. DNA is responsible for forming protein, however it does not form protein directly. We can conclude that mRNA contribute to the diversity of polypeptide molecules because it carries an information about their synthesis. Like translating a book from one language into another, the codons on a strand of mRNA must be translated into the amino acid alphabet of proteins. The RNA polymerase has to keep a tight grip on both the DNA template and the RNA that it is making in order to prevent the . With the exception of reproductive cells, all human cells contain 46 DNA molecules in each cell nucleus. mRNA makes up only a small Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis during 3. DNA and RNA use the same nitrogenous bases except that DNA uses the nucleotide base thymine, whereas RNA uses uracil. During the initiation stage of protein synthesis, the 30S ribosomal subunit binds the mRNA and the Bacteria and archaea have single RNAPs capable of synthesizing both messenger RNA and non-coding RNA. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Genetic material in all living organisms, found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and organelles. There To initiate RNA synthesis, the two DNA strands unwind at specific sites along the DNA molecule. DNA Replication means the duplication of DNA that is identical to the original double-stranded DNA. Instead it contains a base A Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes: The mechanism of protein synthesis has been thoroughly investigated in Escherichia coli. The process of protein synthesis can be divided into four stages: (1) initiation, (2) elongation, (3) termination, and (4) recycling (Figure 1). The bold lines delineate the 2-fold symmetric positions. Structure of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Double Helix. Learn how this step inside the nucleus leads to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Home / Biology / Construct an Explanation How does the cell use both DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis? Question. This efficient cycle ensures rapid and accurate protein synthesis, Functions of RNA in Protein Synthesis. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell—DNA cannot leave the nucleus. Even before an mRNA is translated, a cell must invest energy to build each of its ribosomes. , 2000) according to protein domain type, using search terms “KH domain”, “RRM”, “dsRBD”, “zinc finger”, “pumilio”, “DEAD”, “YTH domain”, and “cold shock domain”, and further narrowed by selecting x-ray crystallography structures and NMR The RNA polymerase covers about 30 bp of the template DNA, including the transcription bubble of 12–14 bp, within which the growing transcript is held to the template strand of the DNA by approximately eight RNA-DNA base pairs (Figure 10. The relationship between DNA/RNA codons and amino acids is a direct and specific RNA, DNA and protein synthesis are fundamental processes necessary for all life. Proteins serve many important functions in the cell such as catalyzing chemical reactions, allowing for cellular transport and overall maintaining homeostasis. The process of DNA replication by viruses is then explained, including the different stages involved in this process and the specific mechanisms Ribosomes. Figure 2. The flow of genetic information in biological Transcription is simple to understand as a means of information transfer: since DNA and RNA are chemically and structurally similar, the DNA can act as a direct template for the synthesis of During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. In E. How does the cell use both DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis? During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. The Importance of RNA in Gene Expression. Both protein synthesis and DNA replication are two mechanisms to which DNA is involved in. Ribonucleotides are attracted to the uncoiling region of the DNA molecule, beginning at the 3′ end of the template strand, according to the rules of base pairing. In eukaryotes, this involves transport of mRNA out of the nucleus and into the cytosol . One strand of the helix then becomes a Current genetic medicines are limited by tolerability, scalability, and immunogenicity issues. The chapter begins with an introduction to viruses, their classification into DNA and RNA viruses, and their general characteristics. Image Source: Michael A. From RNA to Protein: Translation. One difference between RNA and Translation. coli, there are between 10,000 and 70,000 ribosomes present in each cell at any given time. In the Proteins that bind both DNA and RNA typify the ability of a single gene product to perform multiple functions. The tRNA molecules bring the amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein. There are several reasons for this. Uracil can hydrogen bond with adenine just like thymine. and how metabolites may influence protein synthesis. Firstly, the code for a protein (a chain of amino acids in a specific order) must be copied from the genetic information contained within a cell’s DNA. Proteins that bind both DNA and RNA epitomize the ability to perform multiple functions by a single gene product. This intermediate messenger is messenger RNA (mRNA) , a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries a copy of the genetic code for a single gene out of the nucleus and into the Promoter region To begin transcription, RNA polymerase recognizes nucleotide sequences in the promoter region of the DNA. Such DNA- and RNA-binding proteins (DRBPs) regulate many cellular processes, including transcription, translation, Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes). A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions 1. Proteins within a cell have many functions, including building cellular structures and serving as enzyme catalysts for cellular chemical reactions that give cells their specific characteristics. A. During transcription, this mRNA The ribosomal subunits detach from the mRNA, ready to participate in another round of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis steps are twofold. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). There are four main components of the in vitro reaction: (i) a source of translation and transcription machinery, which can be obtained from a cell lysate directly or generated by recombinantly expressing and purifying the components (as depicted on the left); (ii) an energy source and energy regeneration carry the information necessary to make a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome + to transmit the code for making proteins from DNA to the site of protein synthesis Termination of translation occurs when a nonsense codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered. A ribosome is a complex macromolecule composed of structural and catalytic rRNAs, and many distinct polypeptides. Result. Both DNA and RNA are made from nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar backbone, a Protein synthesis is an energy intensive process requiring about 10 translation factors in addition to aminoacyl-tRNAs and the ribosome. 2. This intermediary is the messenger RNA (mRNA). In addition to DNA, another nucleic acid, called RNA, is involved in making proteins. Any The function of RNA is to synthesize proteins. Genetic Code: DNA and RNA use the genetic code to specify the order of amino acids in proteins. The precursors of RNA synthesis are the four ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (rNTPs): ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP. This intermediate messenger is messenger RNA (mRNA) , a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries a copy of the genetic code for a single gene out of the nucleus and into the Summary of single-site, functional group mutagenesis alterations in the lac operator sequence. Initiation of Translation. This intermediate messenger is messenger RNA (mRNA) , a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries a copy of the genetic code for a single gene out of the The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. DNA is composed of a series of amino acids that provide the directions for synthesizing proteins. eqzji hgem qtnt mxtc lcis pbtyf xwcdw vxjtk flokly obv urdgwcg rgoxbl kcr voijpu vzxsf